The Machinery Industry is a sector that constantly develops with the historical development of humanity and creates the main lines of production by bringing innovations that can be considered revolutionary. Starting from ancient times, especially with the transition of humanity to collective life, human power has gradually left its place for industrial machines. The rapid growth and development in the field of industry from the past to the present have brought about mechanization and the development of machines.

Even though industrial and technological developments vary accordingly to the development levels of the countries of the world, the related development spread into the world’s industries rapidly from the first day they emerged. This movement, which was a historical turning point, emerged in England in the 18th century, especially during the time when the industrial revolution took place, is considered the beginning of the transition from production based on human and animal power to production with machines.

Sectoral Research and Development (R&D) organizations entered a rapid cycle with the industrial revolution. As a result of the industrial revolution led by England in the 1780s, 54 important inventions were made, and the first step of industrialization started with the invention of the steam engine in the 18th century.

Industrial Revolution and Mechanisation Process

The industrial revolution has gone through historical developments such as the first, second, third and fourth industrial revolutions. As the industrial revolution created the small industry movement, especially the production of iron, steel and textile accelerated with the introduction of machinery in this period. The popularization of the railway network also took place during this period.

The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century is known as the second industrial revolution. The prominent concept of this period is the concept of technology. As the sciences developed, machines also became more technologically advanced. The combine harvester in 1839, the sewing machine in 1844, and the canning and packaging machines in the mid-1880s are among the machines invented in this period.

This period, also known as the Third Industrial Revolution or the Modern Industrial Revolution, is the period between the 1970s and 1990s. The Lever Shears, which is one of the most important inventions of this period, was invented in 1978. A transformation to a period in which the importance of machines is increasing day by day and computers have become a part of life begins.

The development in technology has enabled the computerized and electronic production and use of machines. Labour rates were reduced and mechanization increased in order to reduce costs.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is the period which has lasted until the period we are in and is known as Industry 4.0. During this period, concepts such as artificial intelligence and 3D printer technology have been introduced to our lives and everything that is being produced is produced with the help of fully-automated machines and computers, without the help of human power. The development of construction equipment started in the 1800s.

Historical Development of the Machines Used in the Industry

The machines used in the industry sector are used for manufacturing and production. Historically, the period of mechanization started with the industrial revolution and continued up to this day as the first, second, third, and fourth industrial revolutions. During this period, the concept of innovation also gained importance.

Some of the machines that were invented during the first industrial revolution are as follows;

• The seed planting machine was invented in 1701.
• In 1775, the steam engine, which was a great technological product of the time, began to be used.
• The automatic weaving machine was invented in 1785.
• The threshing machine was invented in 1793.
• The first sewing machine was invented in 1851.

At the beginning of the industrial revolution, the machines invented were first designed to be used in the agriculture and textile industries and they contributed to the development of these industries significantly.

Some of the machines that were invented during the second industrial revolution are as follows;

• Steam-operated machines were developed.
• Inventions were made in the field of yarn production and weaving. A few of them are flying shuttles and mechanical weaving.
• The machines used in electricity were also being used in the industry.

Development of the machines during the third industrial revolution is as follows;

• Computers, micro-electronic, and fiber optic lasers were invented in the field of technology.
• Developments were made in the fields of telecommunication, nuclear energy, biotechnology, and agricultural biotechnology.

As a result of the fourth industrial revolution, facilities and factories which can make products without the help of human power, via artificial intelligence originated.

Milestones of Mechanisation

There are some points in history which are considered milestones in the historical development process of mechanization. Historically, these milestones are as follows;

• The invention of the steam-operated machine in 1763 is the first milestone and also the beginning of the industrial revolution. Therefore, this period is also called Industry 1.0.
• The development in the machinery industry thanks to the production of iron and steel affected the period between the end of the 1800s and 1970, therefore the Industry 2.0 period emerged.
• The period between the years 1970 and 1990 is also known as Industry 3.0. During this period, analogue systems transformed into digital systems.
• The period starting from the year 1991 and last to the present is called Industry 4.0. During this period, machines such as the Laser Cutting Machine has been constructed to become computerized and artificial intelligence-aided. Thus, the importance of human power decreased significantly.

Historical Development of the Machines Used in the Production

Giving information about the historical development of some important machines used in production will clarify the subject and provide a better idea. The historical developments of the machines mentioned above are as follows:

The press brake is a type of press machine used to bend metal sheet plates. The first press brakes were used as a simple manual press in the 1800s.

Since the first presses were very difficult to use and required labour, the development of press brakes accelerated with the development of hydraulic systems in the 1920s.

Towards the end of the 1960s, computer-operated press brakes originated. These machines enabled the precision and speed of the process to increase. Today, press brakes are produced in many different sizes and features and they are used in the metal processing industry commonly.

Punch machines are used for cutting and shaping materials. Punch is indeed an original name. These machines appeared as simple technological products in the past. After the manual punching process was complete, motor-operated punching processes were carried out. Today, using computer technology, fully automated punchings can be performed.

Shears, also known as the guillotine shears, is a system that has been used since the 1700s. The shears, which were operated manually in the beginning, then started to be used with hydraulic systems. Later, it was transformed into a computerized system and today, it has been computerized and artificial intelligence-aided with CNC technology.

Generally used for industrial production, a laser cutting machine is a preferred technology for cutting iron, bimetal, aluminium, stainless, and similar metal materials. This machine, which was first produced and utilized by Durmazlar Makina in 2017, is one of the best examples to be given of advanced technology machines.

The laser power source is a resonator that has the capacity to cut materials such as stainless steel, aluminium, copper and brass up to 30 kW and is also produced by Durmazlar Makina for the first time in Turkey.

What the Future Has In Store for the Machinery Industry?

The concept of Industry 5.0, which has been used since 2017, has begun to shape life. In a sense, we started to experience this concept with the introduction of technologies, which do not contain the human factor, into our lives. We have started to get familiar with concepts such as full automation or production without touching. These technological developments have turned into a system in which all machines are integrated and managed by artificial intelligence.

With the development of technology, a system where employees will be robots and people can manage technology from their homes or places is not far away anymore.

You can visit our websites (https://www.durmaonline.com /  https://www.durmazlar.com.tr ) and read our other published blog articles.

Plasma cutting is a significantly important method of cutting any conductive products such as non-alloy steel, stainless steel, iron, and aluminium with minimum effort and expense. The basis of the working logic is to convert an ionized gas into plasma form and create an electrical channel towards the area to be cut. The plasma cutting process is performed by plasma cutting machines developed with the latest technology.

The gas type and pressure to be used during the cutting process inside the machine may vary depending on the material type and thickness to be cut. In addition, some of the compressed gasses such as oxygen and air are ionized by an electric arc. The ionized gas enables the desired cutting process to take place on the line formed between the cutting edge of the plasma machine and the material to be treated.

The most important criterion needed for plasma cutting is known as compressed gas. In addition to using different gases for this process, the most common plasma gas is compressed air. As it is available in many workshops and manufacturing shops, compressed air is very easy to supply. It can be used as an alternative to flammable and combustible due to its easy supply and accessibility.

Considering both in terms of health and the environment, performing cuttings with compressed gas is a much healthier and environmentally friendly process. As Durmazlar, we are going to discuss how plasma cutting works and the differences between plasma and laser cutting.

How Does Plasma Cutting Work?

During plasma cutting, hot and accelerated plasma is applied to the surface of the material with high electrical conductivity to be cut. Thanks to this cutting method, conductive materials such as aluminium, steel, sheet metal, and copper can be cut very fast and perfectly. Plasma-cutting machines are preferred by large industrial companies and many other areas with their high-speed precision cutting and low operating costs.

The main criterion of plasma cutting is that it creates an electrical channel through the material to be cut by a superheated and electrically ionized gas. This electrical circuit is grounded by the grounding busbar, thus ensuring the operation of the system. In accordance with the material to be cut by the operation of this system, compressed gasses such as oxygen and air are used. The electric arc is shaped between the hole (nozzle) in which the gas comes out and the material. An electric arc ionizes some of the gas and enables the creation of an electrical channel between the plasma and the material.

By using this electrical channel, electrons travel to the material through a cutting torch and create the heat needed to melt the material. During this process, high-velocity plasma and compressed gas spray the molten metals, preventing the formation of any roughness on the surface.

You can perform cuts on both fine and thick materials using plasma cutting. Steel sheets of 38 mm thickness can be cut using manual plasma cutting machines. Moreover, cuttings up to 150 mm in thickness can be performed with plasma cutting machines.

What Are The Advantages Of Plasma Cutting?

One of the most efficient ways to obtain products in desired sizes and shapes from metals such as steel, iron, and aluminium is plasma cutting. There are many advantages of using this method in manufacturing shops, workshops, and repair shops. One of these advantages is productivity.

It is possible to perform more cuts in a shorter time using this method. Cutting more products in a shorter time means producing more products in a shorter time for a manufacturing shop. This also means more production with less human power. Therefore a manufacturing shop or workshop can produce more with fewer workmanship costs.

Another productivity contribution of plasma cutting is that there is no need for a pre-annealing process before cutting. This means that the material to be cut is not exposed to any heating process before cutting. Heating and cutting the metal to be cut at a certain temperature increases both the time and effort spent on the work. Loss of material due to a possible error that may occur in the heating process can also be prevented.

As it is in the cutting process, plasma cutting offers great convenience after the process. The cutting torches of plasma cutting machines are performing much more precise and smoother works with the technology that has developed recently. Thus, no slag that needs to be cleaned after cutting is created. Since it performs the best cut with the least force on the material to be cut, post-cutting correction is not needed as there will be no adverse conditions such as warping, bending, or distortion on the surface post-cutting.

This cutting method offers advantages regarding health and the environment. Apart from these, the fact that the gas used in the machines is non-hazardous is also a great advantage in terms of occupational safety. The non-explosive and non-flammable gas used prevents an explosion or fire that may occur in the workplace.

What Is the Importance of Plasma Cutting?

Plasma cutting is preferred for cutting many metals thanks to its advantages. Almost all of these advantages also offer advantages for cutting stainless steel. In addition to these advantages, plasma cutting also prevents major workmanship errors in steel cutting.

Another importance of plasma cutting is that it produces accurate results after cutting. Since the measurements determined before the cutting are reflected in the work in the same way, there is no mistake or errors.

In this article, as Durmazlar, we will answer in detail about the advantages of plasma cutting and plasma cutting machines. By using Durmazlar machines, you can overcome all difficulties. We mainly aim to combine business processes by producing durable, flexible, and innovative machines. We aim for perfection in all our machines and attach importance to our communication with our customers in order to produce flawless machines. Please visit our website and contact us if you need further information about our products.